What to do in the event of an earthquake?
Procedures to Follow in the Event of an Earthquake: Preparation, Reaction and Safety
Earthquakes are unpredictable natural phenomena that can occur at any moment, causing significant damage and even loss of life. The best way to minimise the risks associated with these events is through proper preparation and a correct reaction during and after the tremor. In this text, we will explore in detail the procedures to follow in the event of an earthquake, dividing the content into three main sections: prior preparation, actions during the earthquake, and measures after the event.
1\. Prior Preparation
Preparation before an earthquake is essential to ensure that you and your family are ready to face the situation. Here are some important steps:
1.1. Putting Together an Emergency Kit
An emergency kit should contain essential items that may be needed after an earthquake. This kit should be stored in an accessible place and all family members should know where it is. Preferably, each member should have their own kit and keep it as close to them as possible (when sleeping, next to the bed).
- Water: Store at least 2 litres of water per person per day, for a minimum period of three days.
- Non-perishable food: Include foods that require no cooking, such as cereal bars, canned goods and dried fruit. Also set aside a supply of pet food, if necessary.
- Flashlight and batteries: A light source is crucial in the event of a power outage.
- First-aid kit: It should include bandages, antiseptics, essential medicines and other medical items.
- Battery-powered radio: A radio can be vital for receiving information about the situation after an earthquake.
- Copies of important documents: Keep copies of personal documents, such as identification and contact information, in a safe place.
Also read our articles Bug Out Vol.1 'The Camper' and Bug Out Vol.2 "The Emergency Backpack"
1.2. Drawing Up an Emergency Plan
An emergency plan should be created and discussed with all family members. This plan should include the following elements:
- Meeting Point: Choose a safe place where everyone can meet after the earthquake, in case the family becomes separated.
- Emergency Contacts: Have a list of phone numbers for friends, family and emergency services.
- Escape Routes: Identify the emergency exits of your home and workplace, as well as alternative routes to safe places.
1.3. Drills and Training
Carrying out regular safety drills can help familiarise everyone with what to do during an earthquake. Involve all ages, as each person can contribute in different ways during moments of crisis.
Watch this video as an example
2\. Actions During the Earthquake
During an earthquake, your behaviour can make the difference between life and death. The following guidelines depend on where you are at the moment of the tremor.
2.1. If you are indoors
- Get under a sturdy surface: If you are at home, take shelter under a rigid table, desk or other sturdy piece of furniture. This can protect you from falling objects. If you have nowhere to take cover, protect yourself in a doorframe, in a corner of a room, or next to a beam.
- Protect your head and neck: Use your arms to protect your head and neck. Many injuries occur when people try to move instead of protecting themselves.
- Stay away from windows and dangerous objects: Move away from glass, mirrors, shelves and any object that could fall. Avoid using lifts, as they may jam.
2.2. If you are outdoors
- Stay away from structures: Look for an open space, away from buildings, trees, lampposts and power lines. Such structures are prone to collapsing and falling during an earthquake.
2.3. If you are driving
- Park in a safe place: Stay calm and look for a safe place to park. Avoid stopping under bridges, in tunnels or near buildings.
- Stay in the vehicle: Remain in the vehicle until the tremor stops, and then be careful as you proceed.
2.4. If you are in a public place or at a large event
- Stay calm and do not run: Keep calm and look for a safe place to shelter, such as under tables or sturdy structures. Do not try to run for the exit, as there may be crowds of people moving and risks of falls.
3\. Measures After the Earthquake
After the earthquake, your priority should be the safety of yourself and those around you. Here are some steps to follow:
3.1. Assess the Situation
- Check for injuries: Check whether you and others are injured. Provide first aid if necessary and call emergency services if you cannot care for the injured.
- Watch out for gas leaks: If you smell gas or hear it leaking, leave immediately and notify the authorities.
3.2. Stay Informed
- Use a battery-powered radio: Stay informed about what is happening in your area through a battery-powered radio. Follow the instructions of local authorities regarding evacuations and safety.
3.3. Check Structures and Damage
- Inspect your home: Check whether there is significant damage to your home. If there are imminent risks, such as damage to gas or electricity, stay away and notify the appropriate services.
- Beware of aftershocks: Prepare for the possibility of aftershocks, which may occur after the main earthquake. Continue to protect yourself, even after the main event.
3.4. Helping the Community
- Help others: If conditions are safe, offer assistance to neighbours or people in your community who may need help.
- Communicate: Get in touch with friends and family to let them know you are safe and to check that they are well.
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Final Considerations
The ability to respond in earthquake situations can save lives. Preparation and knowledge of the proper procedures are the best ways to protect yourself during an earthquake. Creating an emergency plan and a survival kit, together with practical actions during and after the tremor, can make all the difference. Always remember: calm and preparation are your greatest allies in moments of crisis.
By understanding and applying these procedures, you will not only be protecting yourself but also contributing to the safety of your community. In earthquake-prone environments, being an agent of change in your preparedness can inspire others to do the same, creating a safer environment for everyone.